Internet access
Common methods of home access include dial-up, landline
broadband (over coaxial cable, fibre optic or copper wires),
Wi-Fi, satellite and cell phones.
Public places to use the Internet include libraries and Internet
cafes, where computers with Internet connections are available.
There are also Internet access points in many public places like
airport halls, in some cases just for brief use while standing.
Various terms are used, such as "public Internet kiosk", "public
access terminal", and "Web payphone". Many hotels now also have
public terminals, though these are usually fee based.
Wi-Fi provides wireless access to computer networks, and
therefore can do so to the Internet itself. Hotspots providing
such access include Wi-Fi-cafes, where a would-be user needs to
bring their own wireless-enabled devices such as a laptop or
PDA. These services may be free to all, free to customers only,
or fee-based. A hotspot need not be limited to a confined
location. The whole campus or park, or even the entire city can
be enabled. Grassroots efforts have led to wireless community
networks. Commercial WiFi services covering large city areas are
in place in London, San Francisco, Philadelphia and other
cities, including Toronto by the end of 2006. The Internet can
then be accessed from such places as a park bench.[1]
Apart from Wi-Fi, there have been experiments with proprietary
mobile wireless networks like Ricochet, various high-speed data
services over cellular or mobile phone networks, and fixed
wireless services
In formal usage, Internet is traditionally written with a
capital first letter. The Internet Society, the Internet
Engineering Task Force, the Internet Corporation for Assigned
Names and Numbers, the World Wide Web Consortium, and several
other Internet-related organizations all use this convention in
their publications. In English grammar, proper nouns are
capitalised.
Most newspapers, newswires, periodicals, and technical journals
also capitalize the term. Examples include the New York Times,
the Associated Press, Time, The Times of India, Hindustan Times
and Communications of the ACM.
In other cases, the first letter is often written small
(internet), as it is argued that this is the correct form.
However, the term internet with a small i refers in network
technologies to any interconnected local area networks, whereas
the Internet with a capital i is the specific name of the
largest internet on Earth; but there are others.
Since 2000, a significant number of publications have switched
to using internet. Among them are The Economist, the Financial
Times, the London Times, and the Sydney Morning Herald. As of
2005, most publications using internet appear to be located
outside of North America although one American news source,
Wired News, has adopted the lowercase spelling.
The Internet has been a major source of leisure since before the
World Wide Web, with entertaining social experiments such as
MOOs being conducted on university servers, and humor-related
Usenet groups receiving much of the main traffic. Today, many
Internet forums have sections devoted to neta; short cartoons in
the form of Flash movies are also popular.
The pornography and gambling industries have both taken full
advantage of the World Wide Web, and often provide a significant
source of advertising revenue for other Web sites. Although many
governments have attempted to put restrictions on both
industries' use of the Internet, this has generally failed to
stop their widespread popularity.
One main area of leisure on the Internet is multiplayer gaming.
This form of leisure creates communities, bringing people of all
ages and origins to enjoy the fast-paced world of multiplayer
games. These range from MMORPG to first-person shooters, from
role-playing games to online gambling. This has revolutionized
the way many people interact and spend their free time on the
Internet.
Online gaming began with services such as GameSpy and MPlayer,
which players of games would typically subscribe to.
Non-subscribers were limited to certain types of gameplay or
certain games. With the release of Diablo by Blizzard
Entertainment, gamers were treated to a built in online game
service that was free of charge over Battle.net. With Blizzard's
next game, StarCraft, the gaming world saw an explosion in the
numbers of players using the Internet to play multi-player
games. StarCraft may have been the first non-MMO game in which
most players utilized the online gameplay as opposed to the
single-player gameplay.
Many use the Internet to access and download music, movies and
other works for their enjoyment and relaxation. As discussed
above, there are paid and unpaid sources for all of these, using
centralised servers and distributed, peer-to-peer technologies.
Discretion is needed as some of these sources take more care
over the original artists' rights and over copyright laws than
others.
Many use the World Wide Web to access news, weather and sports
reports, to plan and book holidays and to find out more about
their random ideas and casual interests.
People use chat, messaging and email to make and stay in touch
with friends worldwide, sometimes in the same way as some
previously had pen pals. Social networking web sites like
Friends Reunited and many others like them also put and keep
people in contact for their enjoyment.
Cyberslacking has become a serious drain on corporate resources;
the average UK employee spends 57 minutes a day surfing the web
at work, according to a study by Peninsula Business Services
Many computer scientists see the Internet as a "prime example of
a large-scale, highly engineered, yet highly complex system" (Willinger,
et al). The Internet is extremely heterogeneous. (For instance,
data transfer rates and physical characteristics of connections
vary widely.) The Internet exhibits "emergent phenomena" that
depend on its large-scale organization. For example, data
transfer rates exhibit temporal self-similarity.
The Internet has also become a large market for companies; some
of the biggest companies today have grown by taking advantage of
the efficient nature of low-cost advertising and commerce
through the Internet; also known as e-commerce. It is the
fastest way to spread information to a vast amount of people
simultaneously. The Internet has also subsequently
revolutionized shopping—for example; a person can order a CD
online and receive it in the mail within a couple of days, or
download it directly in some cases. The Internet has also
greatly facilitated personalized marketing which allows a
company to market a product to a specific person or a specific
group of people moreso than any other advertising medium.
Examples of personalized marketing include online communities
such as Myspace, Friendster, and others which thousands of
Internet users join to advertise themselves and make friends
online. Many of these users are young teens and adolescents
ranging from 13 to 25 years old. In turn, when they advertise
themselves they advertise intrests and hobbies, which online
marketing companies can use as information as to what those
users will purchase online, and advertise their own companies'
products to those users.
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